Threat Bulletin 1166: TLS handshake exhaustion against a healthcare portal platform in the UK

On Thursday 14 August 2025 at 02:53 UTC, a TLS handshake exhaustion targeted a healthcare portal customer in the UK. The attack peaked at 894.3 million requests per second and lasted 73 minutes. Traffic originated from 878 autonomous systems in 58 countries, predominantly a rented booter service.

Vector TLS handshake exhaustion
Peak 894.3 million requests per second
Duration 73 min
Time to mitigation 0.653 s
Attack traffic reaching origin 0.000%
Legitimate traffic challenged 0.61%

Timeline

The attack was preceded by a hacktivist channel announcing the target. Request rates on the targeted routes exceeded their hourly baseline by a factor of 317 within 8 seconds. The risk score of participating clients crossed the challenge threshold automatically and proof-of-work difficulty rose with origin load.

What the customer saw

A brief increase in p99 latency of 143 ms during the first minute, then normal service.

Recommendations

  • Keep origin IPs out of public DNS history.
  • Add a dedicated rate limit for the targeted route.
  • Lower challenge thresholds on authentication endpoints during high-risk events.

9 thoughts on “Threat Bulletin 1166: TLS handshake exhaustion against a healthcare portal platform in the UK”

  1. We moved from a scrubbing provider to always-on last year; time to mitigation went from minutes to basically nothing.

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