Threat Bulletin 1222: TLS handshake exhaustion against a healthcare portal platform in the Middle East

On Wednesday 29 October 2025 at 16:53 UTC, a TLS handshake exhaustion targeted a healthcare portal customer in the Middle East. The attack peaked at 155.1 million requests per second and lasted 87 minutes. Traffic originated from 271 autonomous systems in 8 countries, predominantly a Mirai-derived IoT botnet.

Vector TLS handshake exhaustion
Peak 155.1 million requests per second
Duration 87 min
Time to mitigation 0.207 s
Attack traffic reaching origin 0.041%
Legitimate traffic challenged 0.75%

Timeline

The attack was preceded by a publicly announced sales event. Request rates on the targeted routes exceeded their hourly baseline by a factor of 549 within 27 seconds. The risk score of participating clients crossed the challenge threshold automatically and proof-of-work difficulty rose with origin load.

What the customer saw

A brief increase in p99 latency of 183 ms during the first minute, then normal service.

Recommendations

  • Add a dedicated rate limit for the targeted route.
  • Enable authenticated origin pulls.
  • Review allow-listed partner ranges quarterly.

4 thoughts on “Threat Bulletin 1222: TLS handshake exhaustion against a healthcare portal platform in the Middle East”

  1. We moved from a scrubbing provider to always-on last year; time to mitigation went from minutes to basically nothing.

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